Too much carbon dioxide in the air is a problem, as it causes the Earth to trap more heat. TR-253-3616. Weegy: Thermoclines in oceans are best developed at lower latitudes. [6][7] The system generated 22 kW of electricity with a low-pressure turbine. IPCC: Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, 2011. The thickness or width of the cline is dependent on other parameters such as latitude, ambient weather conditions, tides, currents, wave heights, and seasonal lag. For anything related to thermoclines, this is your go-to article! A small lock or https:// means youve safely connected to a .gov website. Thermocline depth in lakes varies depending on the heat of the sun and the depth of the lake. Answer and Explanation:Oceanographers can measure the salinity of a body of water in several ways but the two most common methods are using a hydrometer set or a salinometer. The surface water temperature is controlled by radiative heating (from the sun) or cooling (to the night sky) and convective heating or cooling from/to the atmosphere; currents and wave action keep this layer well mixed to a depth of 50 to 100 m. 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In the Northern hemisphere, the maximum temperatures at the surface occur through August and September and minimum temperatures occur through February and March with total heat content being lowest in March. It was renamed the Net Power Producing Experiment (NPPE) and was constructed at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii (NELH) by PICHTR by a team led by Chief Engineer Don Evans and the project was managed by Dr. Luis Vega. Avery, William H. and Chih Wu. The saltiest locations in the ocean are the regions where evaporation is highest or in large bodies of water where there is no outlet into the ocean. But one common phenomenon that is well known and has even had its role in filmography, is ocean thermoclines. This region is often below freezing point temperatures (< 0C). e^z/(z-i). Beyond a certain point, there is no sunlight, and marine life has no use for eyes. Another interesting feature of these oceans is the pelagic zones. What is the best description of thermoclines based on latitude?a. Now consider the thermocline, which also has a density gradient. The USGS works to understand Earth's history, past climate conditions, and to forecast climate change impacts. Closed-cycle systems could exploit the air-water temperature difference. [34] Currently, this is one of only two fully operational OTEC plants in the world. Due to the weather conditions, a warmer region known as the epilimnion exists above the cline, which is above the colder region known as the hypolimnion. = A)lower latitudes B)higher latitudes C)both high and low latitudes D)regions close to continents Electricity, desalinated water, and cold, nutrient-rich seawater could be transmitted from near-shore facilities via trestle bridges or causeways. 36. The steam condenses within the heat exchanger and provides desalinated water (see heat pipe).[47]. The main aim is to prove the validity of computer models and demonstrate OTEC to the public. [10] This design improved upon the original closed-cycle Rankine system, and included this in an outline for a plant that would produce power at lower cost than oil or coal. Because the warm water is exposed to the sun during the day, a stable system exists and very little mixing of warm water and cold water occurs, particularly in calm weather. Beyond a certain region, fish cannot survive the different conditions and do not venture out of their pelagic zones. It is semi-permanent in the tropics, variable in temperate regions (often deepest during the summer), and shallow to nonexistent in the polar regions, where the water column is cold from the surface to the bottom. The ocean has three main layers: the surface ocean which is generally warm and the deep ocean which is colder and more dense than the surface ocean and the seafloor sediments. The performance of direct contact heat exchangers operating at typical OTEC boundary conditions is important to the Claude cycle. The height, length, and period of a wave depend on ________. Factors that are influencing ocean water salinity: Variations in salinity are a consequences of changes in the water content of the solution. Theblogy.com Does global warming increase water salinity? During cold winters, the surface epilimnion may become colder (and hence denser) than the hypolimnion. In areas around the tropics and subtropics, the thermocline may become even thinner in the summer than in other locations. Potassium $\quad 2.7 \mathrm{mmol} / \mathrm{L}$ T [91] Since the thermocline has a sharp temperature gradient, it also has variable density along with its thickness. c. In what regions are Thermoclines best developed? The laboratory has become a leading test facility for OTEC technology. In general, very few organisms can survive in the hadopelagic and abyssopelagic zones. Factors that are influencing seawater density: Salinity - higher salinity results in higher density. An original design for a power-producing experiment, then called the 165-kW experiment was described by Kreith and Bharathan (,[20] and[21]) as the Max Jakob Memorial Award Lecture. Major fisheries are concentrated in the neurotic zone (above the continental shelf) because of all the following except________. d How does a thermocline restrict the availability of nutrients? u In Kona, Hawaii, aquaculture companies working with NELHA generate about $40 million annually, a significant portion of Hawaii's GDP. The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. [46] This broke the record of 40kW set by a Japanese system in 1982. New York: Oxford University Press. [2] Up to 88,000 TWh/yr of power could be generated from OTEC without affecting the ocean's thermal structure.[3]. [59], This is on hold, and may never resume. On March 5, 2014, Ocean Thermal Energy Corporation (OTEC)[70] and the 30th Legislature of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to move forward with a study to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits to the USVI of installing on-shore Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) renewable energy power plants and Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC) facilities. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. This type of construction is already used for offshore oil rigs. The flexible draft tube would not collapse as its inside pressure is more compared to outside pressure when the colder water is pumped to the sea surface. Moreover, since there is no sunlight, they are almost transparent (lack of sunlight begins to bleach their skin until it becomes almost clear). [33] The OTEC facility and deep seawater research center are open to free public tours by appointment in English and Japanese. water, such as an ocean or lake, or air, such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below. The warm layer of water which is heated by the sun sits on top of the cooler, denser water at the bottom of the lake and they are separated by a thermocline. lower latitudes. They have harsh conditions, with very few living creatures. This was based on the results from a small scale aquaculture facility at the island of St Croix that used a deepwater supply line to feed the aquaculture basins. [5] The cooler winter temperatures cause the thermocline to drop to further depths and warmed summer temperatures bring the thermocline back to the upper layer. Which sea has the highest salinity in the world? a. average b. low c. high d. seasonally variable. Work is being conducted to develop a 1MW facility on Kume Island requiring new pipelines. Q. Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at _____. Show the details. Open-cycle OTEC uses warm surface water directly to make electricity. It is relatively easy to tell when you have reached the thermocline in a body of water because there is a sudden change in temperature. For the use of ocean thermoclines to generate energy, see. The average temperature is approximately 3.5 C. Thermoclines are variable and can be found during different seasons. OTEC technology supports chilled-soil agriculture. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Generated steam with electrolyte compounds added to improve efficiency is a relatively pure medium for hydrogen production. System analysis indicates that a 2-megawatt plant could produce about 4,300 cubic metres (150,000cuft) of desalinated water each day. 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